Containing Deadly Systems

Forest preservation and planting are vital to climate restoration, war and epidemic prevention, and therefore to financial crisis prevention. Regional organizations like ASEAN avoid the historic pitfalls of European alliance structures that induced world wars. Nuclear weapons-free zones can be expanded. Treaty diplomacy is needed toward guardrails among great powers on the use of AI in warfare and cyber-attacks that cross red lines. Track II diplomacy options exist for great powers to persuade nuclear weapon states like Pakistan on why it is in their interests to dismantle Pakistan’s nuclear weapons. Maximally large, temporary coalitions of states can reveal an escalating responsive regulatory pyramid that invokes chokepoint trade sanctions and conventional military action by many states as a last resort that never needs to be used.