Design and Analysis of Wide Band Circular Patch Antenna for IoT and Biomedical Applications

This paper focuses on the performance of a circular patch antenna with a defected ground structure. The antenna structure utilizes the FR4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant (ℇr) of 4.5, a loss tangent (tan δ) of 0.004, and a thickness (h) of 1.5 mm. To enhance the antenna’s performance, the ground structure is modified by incorporating six specially shaped slots instead of a complete ground plane. The proposed antenna exhibits resonance at a frequency of 5.2 GHz, accompanied by a remarkable reflection coefficient of − 40.54 dB. Furthermore, the antenna demonstrates a wide 10-dB bandwidth of 5 GHz (2.99–8 GHz) and an excellent VSWR of 1.084.