Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials

This chapter presents an overview of the biomedical applications of electrospun nanofibers. Due to the impact of novel technological advancements on nanoplatform fabrication, this well-explored topic is still one of the most dynamic and exciting biomedically-oriented scientific fields. The entire chapter comprises three sections dealing with different applications of nanofibers linked by a shared element, which is the vital role of the nanostructure for the functional properties of the fibrous biomaterials under discussion. The first section introduces the key contribution of electrospun nanomaterials in developing injectable biomaterials for targeted nanomedicine. The second section reviews the interaction between fibrous hemostatic agents fabricated via electrospinning and blood, starting from basic principles to the final clinical applications. The last section is entirely focused on one of the most timely topics, such as the fabrication of innovative face masks. The evolution of face mask development is discussed in order to pave the way for providing an overview of the most challenging aspect of the fabrication of the next generation of face masks characterized by multifunctionality and the possibility to activate them on demand.