National Referral Mechanisms

In 2022 the OSCE Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) published the updated handbook: National Referral Mechanisms—Joining Efforts to Protect the Rights of Trafficked Persons (NRM Handbook. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe; 2022), which contains a dedicated chapter about health needs of survivors of human trafficking. Trafficking in human beings is a violation of individual integrity, a threat to existence and therefore a source of chronic interpersonal trauma. To assist easy reference within this chapter the clinical identification of physical health and mental health are broadly separated, while it is recognized that there is considerable overlap between them.