Numerical Simulation and Risk Assessment of Hydrogen Leakage from Fuel Cell System Room in Skid-Mounted Hydrogen Refueling Station

With the increasing use of hydrogen in countries around the world, the number of hydrogen refueling stations has grown. However, due to the characteristics of hydrogen, it is prone to serious consequences in case of leakage, and safety issues have been limiting the development of hydrogen energy. In this study, a fuel cell system room model of actual size was established, and the hydrogen leakage accident was simulated. The diffusion law of hydrogen leakage and the variation law of the volume and mass of flammable hydrogen at different leakage rates were analyzed. And it was found that the leakage rate has a small effect on the volume and a more significant effect on mass for the current room size. Then, the effect of ventilation wind speed on the volume and mass of the flammable hydrogen was investigated, and the results show that the volume decreases slowly and the mass decreases more rapidly with increasing wind speed. Finally, the TNT equivalent method was used to assess the extent of the effects of a flammable hydrogen explosion.