Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion Simulation and Ventination Scheme Optimization in Confined Spaces for Electrolyser and Fuel Cell System

For the demonstrated application of an integrated system that includes electrolysis hydrogen production, compression hydrogen storage and fuel cells, this study conducts a numerical simulation of hydrogen leakage and diffusion in confined spaces with electrolyzers and fuel cells. Hydrogen is extremely flammable and explosive and can accumulate inside confined spaces so hydrogen leakage may lead to explosions in confined spaces like the electrolysis workshop and fuel cell room. Therefore, high-pressure hydrogen releases in confined spaces should be studied to provide a scientific basis for designing risk mitigation measures. The present work modeled hydrogen releases in the hydrogen production room and fuel cell room using the CFD method. The distribution of hydrogen gas in space at different moments was analyzed. Hydrogen concentrations were monitored at various locations, and the sensitivity of each monitoring point to hydrogen leakage was analyzed to investigate the optimal location of hydrogen detectors in the two confined spaces. The leaks were then simulated under different ventilation conditions to find a better ventilation solution. The results show that mechanical ventilation accelerates the diffusion of hydrogen to the outside. The space above the equipment is the best location for the hydrogen detector. The results of this study can inform the spatial layout of equipment and sensors in an integrated hydrogen system.