MR-Guided Radiotherapy in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient

Pediatric cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors that can arise anywhere in the body and require specialized care. Pediatric radiation oncologists are taxed with the job of selecting the appropriate treatment for each patient based on the patient’s age, diagnosis, and prognosis, as well as socioeconomic factors that may come into play for families with young children. The use of magnetic-resonance (MR)-guided radiotherapy has revolutionized treatment for many adult cancers. Its application in the pediatric and adolescent population can provide significant benefits in a variety of clinical scenarios. In this chapter, we will explore common pediatric cancer diagnoses and how the use of MR-guided treatment may allow for smaller treatment volumes and optimized sparing of adjacent organs at risk.