Wastewater production is inescapable since it is a necessary element of the production chain in every industry. As a consequence, fresh, clean water will be scarcer in several parts of the globe in the not-too-distant future. Membrane technology refers to a variety of distinct separation techniques. Membrane separation has been a popular separation technique during the last decade. The fundamental benefit of membrane technology is that it produces steady water without the use of chemicals, uses very little energy, and is a simple and organized process. The current book chapter discusses the importance of membrane technology in wastewater treatment, recent development in membrane technology along with a detailed review of the application of membrane technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis in wastewater treatment. The chapter concludes with a review of the challenges and trends in the use of membrane technology for wastewater treatment in the near future.