Being Human in the Twenty-First Century

This chapter sets out some of the main characteristics of being human in the twenty-first century. These include rules-based collaboration with non-family members; telling each other fictitious stories to coordinate large cohorts; intergenerational transmission of knowledge and tools; learning by joint attention; and the pincer grip and ability to walk upright. Humans are a deficient species, never fully adapted to nature, and require a crutch to survive. Technology, governance and cultural practices serve as such crutches. The concept of ‘transhumanism’ is critically discussed. We are not at the top of the evolutionary ladder. Rather, in the twenty-first century, to be human means to be a marginal but essential string player. The technology we are creating to fill the gap can be an essential tool in allowing us to play that part.