Smart Sewer Experimental Results

In this chapter, a survey of wireless underground empirical measurement results is presented. These measurements are carried out in different types of testbed and field settings that include an indoor testbed, a field testbed, and a software-defined radio testbed that supports continuous soil moisture logging. The measurement techniques and experiment description are discussed thoroughly with path loss and power delay profile measurements. The measurement campaigns are carried out in sandy soil, silty clay loam, and silty clay loam soil type. The path loss experiments are conducted for different aboveground receiver antenna angles by using dipole and planar antennas. The path loss, return loss, PDP, and antenna measurements are reported.