Understanding gynaecological anatomy is essential for the planning of primary radiotherapy for cervical, vulval and vaginal malignancies as well as adjuvant radiotherapy for endometrial cancers and the treatment of recurrent disease. Most gynaecological malignancies are imaged with MRI as the primary staging modality, with the exception of ovarian cancer which is primarily imaged with CT. For certain endometrial, cervical or vulval histological types or stages, a subsequent CT or PET/CT can be performed to stage the tumour further by looking for distant metastases. The tumour anatomy and anatomy of disease spread will be discussed with relevance to planning radiotherapy.