Scientific Interventions for Improving the Utilization of Palm Kernel Meal

This book chapter explores scientific interventions aimed at improving the utilization of palm kernel meal (PKM), a by-product obtained during the extraction of palm oil. The chapter emphasizes the potential of PKM as a source of bioactive peptides and its application in animal nutrition. Bioactive peptides derived from PKM are a subject of interest. These peptides are generated through enzymatic hydrolysis of PKM proteins and exhibit various physiological activities, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial properties. Their bioavailability and stability make them promising candidates for the development of functional food additives and nutraceuticals. The chapter further explores the potential applications of PKM, particularly in animal nutrition. PKM’s nutritional composition, including its protein content, makes it a valuable source of essential amino acids for livestock. Its digestibility and potential as a feed ingredient are discussed in detail. Additionally, the chapter investigates the utilization of PKM for the production of biofuels, enzymes, and chemical compounds. PKM contains carbohydrates that can be converted into biofuels through fermentation processes. It also serves as a valuable substrate for the production of enzymes and chemical compounds with various industrial applications. Lastly, the chapter examines the production of advanced carbon materials derived from PKM. Carbonization of PKM yields carbon-based materials with unique properties. These materials find potential applications in energy storage, catalysis, and environmental remediation.