Vitreoretinal Surgery in Uveitis

This chapter covers the necessary information relevant to vitreoretinal surgery in uveitis, addressing both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. It emphasizes the importance of characterizing uveitis lesions, formulating differential diagnoses, and recognizing red flags for infectious etiology. Comparison of systemic immunosuppression vs. intravitreal therapy for noninfectious posterior uveitis is examined. The indications and outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy in uveitis, including its use in diagnosing lymphoma, treating endophthalmitis, fungal endophthalmitis, and uveitic complications such as epiretinal membrane and retinal detachment, are highlighted. Other relevant topics included are inflammation control before cataract surgery in uveitic eyes, distinguishing exudative from rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and recognizing uncommon features of intermediate uveitis such as retinoschisis. The chapter emphasizes the importance of differentiating between infection and inflammation in treatment choices and suggests collaboration between the vitreoretinal surgeon and the uveitis specialist for the management of complicated posterior uveitis cases.