Posterior Segment Complications of Cataract Surgery: When the Anterior Segment Meets the Posterior

Cataract surgery can lead to various complications involving the posterior segment of the eye. This chapter discusses the management of such complications, including vitreous prolapse, dropped lens fragments, dropped intraocular lenses (IOLs), ocular perforation, and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. Techniques for handling vitreous prolapse involve anterior vitrectomy through a pars plana approach or limbal paracentesis, with a focus on complete removal of the prolapsed vitreous while minimizing vitreoretinal traction. Strategies for removing lens fragments range from vitreous cutter removal to using a fragmatome. Dropped IOLs require careful extraction using vitrectomy, IOL retrieval and appropriate IOL fixation techniques. Ocular perforation risks, signs, and treatment options are highlighted. Overall, this chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding and managing posterior segment complications to ensure optimal patient outcomes following complicated cataract surgery.