Myopic Traction Maculopathy

This chapter provides a focused overview of myopic traction maculopathy (MTM), with emphasis on the latest advancements in diagnosis and treatment. High myopia, defined as a refractive error exceeding 6 diopters or an axial length ≥ 26.5 mm, is a predisposing factor for MTM. Clinical assessment involves optical coherence tomography for accurate diagnosis, with specific findings distinguishing various stages of MTM. The MTM Staging System aids in categorizing the disease’s progression. Management strategies vary according to the stage, with observation recommended for early stages and surgical intervention for more advanced cases. Surgical techniques, including macular buckle and/or pars plana vitrectomy, aim to counteract different forces leading to maculoschisis, retinal detachment, or lamellar/full-thickness macular holes. The authors also address the prognosis, complications, and provide surgical tips for each technique, guiding optimal treatment decisions for MTM.