Practical Examples of the Use of PDT and EMT Simulation Including Their Unique Applications and Complementary Use

Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation is replacing phasor-domain transient (PDT) for wide-area power system studies in circumstances where the latter fails to predict the phenomena of interest. This often occurs when the phenomenon of interest has a dominant frequency deviating by more than ±5 Hz with respect to the network fundamental frequency, or when the system strength available to inverter-based resource (IBR) approaches close to or drops below the operational capability of IBR. The latter application will apply even if the dominant frequency of interest is at or near the fundamental frequency.