Major or Mild Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder

Major or mild vascular neurocognitive disorders represent the second most common cause of neurocognitive disorders. The underlying cerebrovascular disease could be multiple strokes, limited but strategic strokes, and/or significant white matter hyperintensities. The main criterion to make these diagnoses is a probable or possible causal link between cerebrovascular disease and the neurocognitive disorder. The course, neuropsychological profile, prognosis, and treatment of these disorders differ from neurodegenerative illnesses like Alzheimer disease, but can be comorbid with them. In this chapter, the authors provide an evidence-based review of the background of these illnesses and give two illustrative case examples to consolidate learning.