Developing a Smart Monitoring App and Water Management System for Arid Environments Using IoT: An Innovative Approach

Arid regions, which cover nearly one-third of the global landmass, are distinguished by a severe lack of water caused by a combination of low rainfall and high evapotranspiration (due to solar irradiation, humidity, and wind). Additionally, Water, sunlight, and nutrients are required for plant growth. As a result, most smart farming solutions alter physical and chemical aspects of the environment (such as light, soil composition, water availability, and ambient temperature) to optimize plant growth and metabolic productivity. Crop cultivation in arid regions is difficult due to harsh environmental conditions and typically low and/or inconsistent supplies of fresh water. To meet the demands of smart farming in arid environments, The rapid rise of Internet-of-Things (IoT)-based technologies has redesigned nearly every industry, including smart agriculture, shifting the industry away from statistical approaches and toward quantitative approaches. In the face of a variety of challenges, such revolutionary changes are shaking existing agricultural methods and opening new opportunities. This paper focuses on the design and development of smart monitoring APP, the potential of wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges that will be encountered when integrating this technology with traditional farming practices. Mobile applications, Internet of Things devices, and communication techniques associated with wireless sensors used in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for specific agriculture application, like soil temperature, soil pH levels, Nitrogen levels, water saturation, water pumped into the soil and the salinity of the soil are listed. Finally In order to improve irrigation systems, we were proposed a solution for intelligent irrigation of any type of crop, considering new technologies such as the Internet of Things. An application of this solution has been presented to demonstrate its feasibility.