Sustainable Hydroponics: Embedding IoT and Efficient Energy Generation and Distribution Algorithms

Hydroponics is a technique that uses a soil-free medium and efficiently manages essential resources like water, light, and the environment. With the increased demand for agricultural produce and continuously reducing fertile land, demand for Hydroponics is rising. An IoT system constantly monitors the farm and gathers data regarding the factors affecting plant growth, including pH, temperature, water level, and humidity. The IoT system used in Hydroponics has energy constraints, low energy utilization, and continuous monitoring issues. This paper proposes three effective solutions, a modular and customizable IoT approach using the SWORD (Sleep/Wake On Redundant Data) Algorithm based WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) along with modern, durable sensors to improve energy efficiency and data communication amongst them. The paper proposes energy-efficient solutions to harness solar energy to power the sensing nodes and reduce the cost and energy utilization by using sustainable energy and energy harvesting using SEH-WSN (Solar Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks). In addition, algorithms to identify routing paths enhance the lifetime of the WSN.