Categorizing Identities by Color

In Western heraldry, rules were established to ensure symbols on shields, banners, and armor were visible—this practice, rooted in military hierarchy, aimed to distinguish friendly and enemy forces at a distance. Initially, heralds used common symbols to identify fallen soldiers, evolving into color coding and crests. Sumptuary laws imposed in several countries sought to curb excessive spending and display of luxury during specific times. These laws aimed to make social class distinctions more evident, though some argue they may worsen social inequality. The chapter also explores color harmony and decorum in landscape design, emphasizing the importance of adhering to social norms to create pleasing outdoor spaces. Europe and the United States have long had regulations on color and design. Japan's Landscape Law, enforced since 2004, includes guidelines for approved Munsell values and color charts for hue, lightness, and saturation in landscape design.