A Systematic Review on Blind and Visually Impaired Navigation Systems

Visually impaired people face particular navigation challenges in daily life. Indoor and outdoor areas have increasingly become complex environments due to the wide range of agents and entities that make up the ecosystem. Many assistive mobility tools have been developed over the years to overcome this problem. However, these solutions do not satisfy the needs of visually impaired individuals in terms of efficient guidance and real-time processing, as well as the difficulties encountered when handling and operating the entire system. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies and approaches for developing navigational devices based on 3D computer vision in order to evaluate the detection and recognition accuracy of each system’s software, and to examine the hardware components needed for easy and convenient navigation. With this purpose in mind, we attempted to present a broad synopsis of existing studies using the systematic literature review methodology. The results obtained shed light on CNN-based, cloud computing-based, smartphone-based, and R-GBD-based systems. This review gives helpful information on technological equipment for developing electronic navigation assistive devices in both indoor and outdoor environments.