Randomized Controlled Trials in Orthodontics

There has been an exponential increase in the number of randomized studies within orthodontics over the past three decades. However, issues remain in relation to the focus of these; allied to design, methodological and reporting issues. Ten considerations relevant to orthodontic randomized controlled trials are discussed in this chapter. Specifically, we highlight the value of focusing research efforts on key, unexplored areas, and on undertaking research in primary care and multicenter settings. The identification and selection of relevant outcomes is crucial with development of an orthodontic core outcome set now imminent. Qualitative research as a complementary approach to facilitate more in-depth understanding of trial outcomes and patient behavior is to be encouraged. Finally, the conduct of studies over relevant time periods is central to allowing for holistic evaluation of the relative effectiveness and associated harms of interventions. By focusing our efforts in these areas, more holistic, generalizable, and relevant findings from orthodontic randomized trials will be forthcoming.