Basic Equations of Atmospheric Turbulence

Before starting the derivation of the equations for the turbulent fluxes of momentum, heat and trace gases (Sect. 2.3), we present a short introduction into the basic equations. These include the equations of mean and turbulent motions, describing the transport and for energy and matter (Sect. 2.1), and the conservation equation for the turbulence kinetic energy (Sect. 2.2). To illustrate the importance of micrometeorological equations and parameterizations for modelling on all scales, different closure techniques of the turbulent differential equations are described (Sect. 2.1.3). The more practical user of this book can proceed directly to Sect. 2.3.