The Role of the Smallest Molecule Hydrogen Overcoming Ageing-Related Disease

Ageing is an inevitable process that increases the probability of chronic disease that involves an evolving decline in organism function over time. The length of human life is closely related to ageing, which can cause a deterioration of physiological functions and lead to the development of various chronic diseases. Many theories have been put forward to illustrate the ageing mechanisms, with the free oxidative stress theory being the most well-known. Aging is caused by the excessive accumulation of cells or tissues related to oxidative damage caused by ROS. As everyone knows that oxidative stress is closely related to aging, antioxidants may be potentially valuable in the treatment of senescence disease. Hydrogen (H2) is a colorless, tasteless small molecule that plays a major role in eliminating harmful free radicals and reducing oxidative damage in vivo, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis. Additionally, H2 can be utilized to prevent and cure several aging-related diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and gastrointestinal diseases. Understanding the aging process is crucial for comprehending how to slow the aging process and the development of aging-related diseases. This chapter summarized the preventive and treatment applications of molecular H2 in anti-ageing and underlying mechanisms in aging-related diseases.