Digital Twins, Metaverse, and Learning. Review and Proposal of Conceptual Framework

Digital twins (DT) technology has advanced and is gaining momentum of applicability in different contexts. The metaverse enables immersive experiences that integrate the real world with the digital. Given the importance of DT in the metaverse, this article seeks to review the literature (between 2018–2022) on the articulation of DT, metaverse, and learning, and propose a conceptual framework towards Education 5.0. The review indicates few works in this regard and specifically in Latin American countries the research and application in educational contexts is insufficient. There is an interest in defining frameworks and articulating with other extended reality technologies. The possibilities offered by DT and the metaverse are wide, and that is why it is necessary to reduce the gap in this regard, with more research, projects, dissemination, and agreements. This study contributes to the investigation and projection of the DT, metaverse in learning scenarios, as well as to continue delving into frameworks or models under the Industry/Society 5.0 approach.