Japan’s Geopolitics

This chapter examines Japan’s evolving geopolitical stance from the pre-war period to the present. Initially characterized by a dual identity as both an Asian and a Western state, Japan’s strategic ambivalence was resolved through the dismantling of its empire and alignment with US security interests. In the post-war period, Japan adopted a passive security approach focused on trade and a low-profile military posture, but was criticized for lacking a robust security strategy. However, recent geopolitical shifts, including North Korea’s military and missile program, China’s economic and military rise, and Russia’s war against Ukraine, have prompted Japan to reassess its posture. As a result, Japan has abandoned its post-war pacifism, adopted a proactive approach to security and recalibrated its foreign policy. By assuming a leadership role in the Indo-Pacific, Japan is now cooperating internationally to counterbalance China’s influence. This chapter examines Japan’s security evolution in response to contemporary challenges.