The Compassion Practice Quality Scale (CPQS) is a state measure designed to assess the quality of compassion-based meditation (CBM). Compassion practice quality refers to the person’s experience during compassion meditation and is defined as the degree to which a meditator can produce mental imagery (i.e., generation, maintenance, inspection, and transformation/manipulation of the mental imagery) and activate the somatosensory component of compassion to evoke and sustain a compassionate state. CPQS includes 12 items on a self-report visual analogue scale (from 0 to 100) on which participants indicate the percentage of the time following a compassion practice that their experience reflected each statement. Higher total score indicates higher quality of practice (i.e., less practice difficulties). Data supports its reliability and suggests a 2-factor solution (i.e., mental imagery and somatic perception) for both 12- and 10-item versions. CPQS factors correlate with fear of compassion, imagery variables, and self-criticism, and predict compassion outcome (i.e., feeling positive attitudes toward others). The CPQS may be helpful to understand the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of compassion-based interventions.