This chapter reviews the methods, psychometrics, and empirical results regarding Meditation Breath Attention Scores (MBAS), a face-valid, performance-based measure of focused attention during meditation. At semi-regular intervals throughout a concentration meditation practice, the meditator is prompted by the ringing of a meditation bell, bowl, or chime. The meditator is then asked for a “yes” or “no” answer regarding whether she was focused on or distracted from the intended object of the meditation at that moment (e.g., breathing). The meditator’s MBAS for that meditation are simply the count of the “yes” responses provided. This simple, intuitive method has been shown to yield a reliable, valid means of assessing level of focused attention during meditation practice that warrants further study.