Basic Principles and Applications of Biological Sensors Technology

The development of biosensors has gained enormous attention in recent years due to their attractive properties, such as selectivity, sensitivity, stability, and reproducibility. Biosensors are analytical devices that combine biological components and are utilized to detect various chemical substances through physicochemical detectors. Recent advancements in biological methodologies and instruments equipped with fluorescent tags and nanomaterials have boosted the sensitivity of biological sensors. Furthermore, introducing components such as aptamers, antibodies, and molecule-printed polymers has enabled novel integrated methods for constructing precise and responsive biological sensors. This chapter discusses the various types of biological sensors that have been developed so far, including optical, surface plasmon resonance, and electrochemical biosensors. Moreover, it provides insight into the practical implications of biological sensors in healthcare, drug development, and monitoring, security, environment, water and food quality monitoring, and agriculture. The chapter also discussed the recent trends and prospects of biosensor utilization on the Internet of Things (IoT), telecommunications, and the rapid detection of COVID-19.