Advances in Gas Sensors

Nanomaterials have gained the interest of researchers in the field of monitoring numerous contaminants of biological and environmental significance due to their extraordinary physical features. Their use is facilitated in a variety of ways by modifying the characteristics of nanomaterials through covalent and non-covalent bonding or by the creation of nanocomposites. The electrical and electrocatalytic characteristics of nanomaterials are considered and employed in the modification/fabrication of substrates for sensor manufacturing. Because these nanoparticles enable charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface by giving a wide surface area, conductivity, and ease of contact with received events, the nature of the electrode surface varies when modified. High-performance electrochemical sensing devices based on various electrochemical basics are primarily generated by designing the electrode surface at the nanoscale level. The emphasis on nanomaterials is not limited to signal amplifying or electrocatalytic character, but it also broadens the view for easy interaction, adsorption, and measurement of numerous chemical and biological features. Because of the employment of nanomaterials in sensor synthesis, the potential of integration with electronics can develop into a device for remote monitoring of vital events. Gas detection devices are used to detect harmful and toxic gases present in the environment and gases emitted by the automotive fuel chemical industry and combustion. These are the most important things in technology and everyday life. There is a need to develop simple, susceptible, and stable electronic sensors suitable for trace-level detection in various applications, from lab-on-a-chip and in vivo biosensors to environmental monitoring and war agent detection enrichment. Researchers have developed nanomaterials to serve as better gas sensors with fast response, long-term stability, high sensitivity, and better selectivity, with excellent robustness and moderate chemical stability. This chapter will include a discussion of nanotechnology, gas sensors, types of gas sensors, materials for gas sensors, metal-oxide-based gas sensors, graphene-based gas sensors, polymer-based gas sensors, MOF-based gas sensors, two-dimensional (2D) compounds, MXene-based gas sensors, nanocomposite-based gas sensors, and finally the importance and the applications of gas sensing.