Nanotechnology-Based Sensors

Recently, nanotechnological resources have attracted attention in different fields, especially the biosensors field because of their outstanding structures including large surface area, excellent conductivity, and sensitive response. Nanotechnological materials can be designed in different formulations such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods. Nanomaterials-based biosensors have attracted more attention for the fast and sensitive detection of many biological and chemical components in biomedical diagnostics, food and beverage manufacturing, and environmental investigation. Additionally, in past few years, several reported works have been interested in using also conducting polymers (CPs) such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophene (PTs), and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), which are the most commonly CPs used in the design of biosensors, owing to their fabulous features such as good biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, electrical conductivity, and environmental stability. Therefore, the usage of nanotechnological materials-based conducting polymer nanocomposites in the biosensor field provides low limits of detection, as well as improves its robustness and reproducibility. The book chapter focuses on the preparation of different nanomaterial formulations including nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods in the presence of different CPs for instance PPy, PANI, PTs, and PEDOT. Moreover, it also mentions the usage of the prepared nanomaterials for the detection of many biological and chemical components like enzymes, antibodies, pollutants, pathogens, and food contaminants.