Functional Properties and Health Benefits of Underutilized Crops and Plants in Northern India

The increasing global population and depletion of natural resources have made the exploration of native indigenous plant resources crucial. This chapter focuses on the functional properties and health benefits of underutilized crops and plants in Northern India. Underutilized plants are species historically used for various purposes but not yet adopted by large-scale agriculture. The chapter unveils the potential of these plants for food, nutrition, income generation, and environmental services, making them valuable for improving food and nutrition security in economically marginalized areas. A comprehensive list of underutilized plants in Northern India is presented, along with their traditional uses, culinary applications, medicinal properties, and potential for income generation and ecological restoration. By recognizing the economic and health benefits of these native plants, they can play multiple roles in enhancing India's food security, supporting livelihoods, diversifying diets, reducing agricultural inputs, and celebrating cultural and nutritional diversity. The chapter also highlights the taxonomic classification, morphology, and phytochemical properties of Rhododendron arboreum, a popular plant in the Himalayas with medicinal properties and potential market opportunities in various industries. Additionally, Sichuan pepper, an underutilized spice, is discussed for its culinary and medicinal uses, offering market potential in various sectors. Citrus sinensis, known as Malta orange, is explored for its nutritional and medicinal value, with vast market opportunities in fresh fruit, beverages, essential oils, nutraceuticals, cosmetics, and horticulture. Cleome viscosa, a flowering plant with pharmacological properties, holds market potential in traditional medicine, cosmetics, ethnobotanical crafts, and biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the general decline of underutilized plants due to various factors and emphasizes the importance of developing strategies and action plans to unlock their potential for food security, sustainable nutrition, and poverty reduction. By understanding the significance and uses of these plants in India, rural agricultural development and food and nutrition security can be fostered.