Impact of Air Pollution on the Incidence and Health Risk of Adolescents

Atmospheric air pollution is one of the most critical environmental factors affecting the child, adolescent, and adult populations. Our research aimed to study the atmospheric air pollution effect on adolescents’ health risk. For that purpose, correlation analysis was used to reveal the relationship between atmospheric air pollution and adolescents’ health indicators. The Mann–Whitney test was applied for the comparison of the two samples’ distribution. We identified four districts in the city of Kazan for research: 1—Vakhitovsky, 2—Sovetsky, 3—Kirovsky, and 4—Privolzhsky districts. The target group of people was adolescents aged 15–17 years old, study period (2008–2019). Comparative analysis of the zones in the level of harmful substances in the air was performed. We presented the major air pollutants with significant differences (p < 0.05) in zoning (carbon (soot), carbon oxide, nitrogen dioxide, suspended particles PM 2.5 and PM 10, formaldehyde, benzol, and benzene). “From the health issues considered in this study—respiratory diseases (RD), allergic manifestations, anemias, congenital malformations (CM), and malignant neoplasms (NP)—RDs are at the top of the list: their proportion in primary morbidity structure varied insignificantly in all zones, the highest levels being found in the second zone. Analysis of chemicals’ content in atmospheric air showed that the third zone was in a worse position than the first and fourth zones. The second zone had the worst indices in significant evidence-based criteria. The current ecological situation in Kazan reflects the level of primary morbidity and prevalence of RD, NP, CM, and other adolescent diseases in the most neglected second and third city zones. Elevated concentration of formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, suspended particles PM 2.5, and benzol was observed in the second zone. Negative correlations between air pollutants and different human diseases, which can be explained by delayed body response to the accumulation of harmful substances, were also revealed in this zone. Suspended particles PM 2.5 and PM 10 have the strongest accumulative effect in this zone.