Oceanographic Investigation for Sustainable Development of Algaculture with an Ecosystem Approach in Sidi Rahal Marine Coast (Morocco)

The “lower Chaouia” or coastal Chaouia region, which is the most agricultural part of the coastal Chaouia, is a sub-Atlantic plain that has developed along the Atlantic Ocean. To ensure the integration of sustainable aquaculture in this region, a study was conducted to identify the specific richness of the environment. It consisted of the mapping of physicochemical parameters and a sedimentary study for the exploration of potential algaculture sites. To conduct this study, a database was built from a combination of satellite data. Besides, field measurements were also carried out during the oceanographic investigation missions of the study area to understand the temporal variability of the various parameters with the help of geographic information system (GIS) tools. The treatment and analysis of all the data collected revealed important macroalgal biodiversity in the Sidi Rahal Chatai area. Indeed, in this relatively rich environment, where the maritime zone (located between the coastline and the rocky strip offshore) which remains covered with seawater, with a depth of water greater than 30 cm, is home to more than 22 species of marine macroalgae. The particle size study of the sediments shows that the bottom consists of the rocky sand type which promotes the fixation of algae. The actual variability of some environmental parameters confirmed the suitability of this area for algae cultivation. For this reason, algaculture is an alternative solution for preserving algae. It is an environmentally friendly activity that can even limit the effects of chemical and organic pollution at the local level and mitigate the effects of climate change a socio-economic activity for the development of the region.