A Four Mixture Fraction FPV-LES for the Co-firing of Coal and Ammonia

The rising energy demand of emerging countries will continue to cause coal to play an essential role in the supply of electricity in the coming years. However, coal is considered an environmentally harmful fuel that releases large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollutants during firing. Measures must therefore be taken to improve Pulverized Coal Combustion (PCC) and reduce emissions. Numerical simulations have become increasingly important for the detailed understanding of PCC in recent years. Combustion models for gaseous combustion were extended to describe PCC. Among these models, the flamelet model (Peters, 1984) has proven to be a precise model that can represent detailed chemical mechanisms with low computational effort.