Acid-Base Balance, Fluid Electrolyte Balance in Patients with Esophageal Cancer

There is a constant exchange of fluids and electrolytes in the fluid compartment of our body. For healthy physiological function, the amount and electrolyte content of fluid consumed is as important as the amounts excreted. Further, acid-base balance is required for normal organ function. Imbalances in these systems can cause effects on the gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiological systems. Clinical problems typically arise due to a deterioration in the control mechanisms that provide fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. This review supplies a background on body water balance, including sources of water loss. Next, it discusses the fluid compartments of the body. It then describes fluid balance disorders, including hyponatremia and hypernatremia. The next section details normal and abnormal electrolyte functions. The disease states associated with elevated or deficient sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are described. The final topic is acid-base balance, including respiratory and metabolic contributors to disease and control. Throughout, this review focuses on control systems that ensure fluid and electrolyte balance, including buffering systems and drivers of exchange and transport. Thus, this review examined fluid-electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and the mechanisms that maintain hemostasis.