Understanding bacterial metabolism is central to unraveling the complexities of microbial physiology, pathogenesis, and ecological interactions. As the field of microbiology evolves, so too do the tools and techniques used to study bacterial metabolic processes. This chapter focuses on the diverse and innovative methodologies that have emerged to investigate bacterial metabolism, ranging from computational modeling and high-throughput metabolomics to real-time sensing technologies and microscale platforms. These approaches not only enhance our ability to profile metabolic activity but also enable us to predict, monitor, and manipulate microbial behavior in both clinical and environmental contexts.