Introduction

At present, the growing population and shrinking land have turned into a big challenge for the agricultural task force to feed all humankind. Since agricultural producers mainly rely on seasonal workers, their paucity at the right time fails in fetching good returns and high product quality. With the shortage of labor and more product requirement, this problem becomes more critical for the commercial fruit growers when they cannot deliver their products to the market in the stipulated time. Similarly, the growing anti-immigration law in developed countries also affects the labor demand during harvest season, when most fruit growers depend on economically experienced migrant workers as a substitute for inexperienced domestic labor (Riviere, 2021).