Other Refining Processes and Biorefining

Catalytic reforming is a major source of high-grade hydrogen in the refining processes for use elsewhere in the refinery. When additional hydrogen is needed, the process of choice is steam hydrocarbon reforming. This process is the heart of refinery hydrogen plants. Major consumers of hydrogen include hydrotreatingHydrotreating, hydrocrackingHydrocracking, catalytic dewaxing, and hydroisomerizationHydroisomerization, collectively called hydroprocessing. Gaseous hydrogen sulfide from hydroprocessing units in refinery can be recovered by the Claus process as elemental sulfur. Biorefining that converts renewable biomass as alternative resources to petroleum into fuels and chemicals is also briefly introduced.