Introduction to Statistics

Through the previous chapters, we have obtained a solid foundation concerning probabilities and distributions. Now the question might arise how those are related to statistics, what statistics is anyway, and why yet another, separate scientific discipline is needed? In this chapter we explain how different “types” of statistics are related. We then cover a number of sampling strategies and discuss important concepts such as the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem, before we derive and explain how the relation between variables can be quantified using the covariance and the correlation.