Advanced Applications of Lignocellulosic Fibers and Mycelium-Based Composites for a Sustainable World

Humanity's use of natural fibers dates back to prehistoric times, being essential materials for the protection and production of utensils and tools. Lignocellulosic fibers can be defined as fibrous plant material produced in photosynthesis, in which the main chemical component is cellulose. Agricultural residues consist mainly of plant fibers and are critical for making natural composite materials, adsorbent fibers, and nanostructured-based cellulose materials. This chapter will discuss some advanced applications of lignocellulosic fibers in biocomposites synthesis and adsorption of crude oils. Initially, we will discuss the main components of vegetable fibers relating to their structure/properties in chemical terms. Afterward, some examples of fungal/plant fiber biocomposites will be presented, focusing on the new mechanical properties of these materials. Subsequently, the excellent adsorbent properties of lignocellulosic fibers will be discussed as an attractive alternative for oily wastewater treatment.