Sustainable Development: A Review of Concepts, Domains, Technologies, and Trends in Smart Cities

Traditional cities have become vulnerable to the collapse of their infrastructures and management systems due to the rapid increase in population growth. Environmental resources have become scarcer, and environmental pollution has increased, resulting in severe climate changes and natural disasters threatening current traditional cities. Shifting to Smart cities is not optional anymore as it is the solution to face all these challenges. This study aims to review scientific research in Smart Cities to determine the concept of smart cities over different ages, their main domains, technologies used, and new trends. At the same time, a deeper focus is given to the applications of (the Internet of Things, Digital Twin, Big Data, and Blockchain technologies), especially in management systems of smart cities. The study analyzes 12,148 papers published between 1997 and 2023 Q1 from the Scopus database using the keywords Co-occurrence network (KCN) Methodology. The results of this study will provide future researchers with a summary of current knowledge about smart cities concepts, domains, technologies, trends, and challenges that need further research.