Residential Options and Treatment for Individuals on the Autism Spectrum

The purpose of this chapter is to review residential options for individuals on the autism spectrum and the types of treatment services specific to this population. A guiding principle for the selection of residential treatment options must be borrowed from the world of special education. The notion of the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) should guide decision-makers in placing an individual in a residential setting. The goal of the placement should be to provide the individual on the autism spectrum with the maximum level of community integration he or she can successfully maintain with or even without supports. Community integration and quality of life are important determinants of a residential placement. Individuals on the spectrum should be an integral team member in the decision-making process. This chapter will not only examine the type of placements available, but also discuss predictors of successful placement. Both formal and informal supports are critical to success. The chapter will examine the notion of independent living skills and which skills are necessary to achieve independent living and full community integration.