Cellular and Neurological Effects of Lead (Pb) Toxicity

Lead (Pb2+), a naturally occurringNeurological effects common heavy metalMetal found in the earth’s crust, replaces other cations in living creatures, disturbing many biological processes such as metal transport, energy metabolism, apoptosis, and cell signalling. Additionally, it has a significant influence on the central nervous system, specifically on the developing brain. It has severe neurotoxic effects on youngsters. LeadLead can act as a calcium ion replacement, crossing the blood–brain barrier and causing damage in brain areas, resulting in neurological problems. It possesses genotoxic characteristics and disrupts cellular activity. NeurotoxicityNeurotoxicity is a major problem, especially in the developing central nervous system, where it can cause long-term cognitiveCognitive, motor, and behavioural deficits. Paediatric lead poisoningPoisoning is more common, and early detection requires a high level of precision. The molecular processes and cellular effectsCellular effects of lead toxicityLead toxicity are discussed in this chapter. The pathophysiology, aetiology, and epidemiology of lead exposureExposure are also reviewed in this chapter. It also investigates the neuropsychological issues linked with Intelligence Quotient (IQ), memory, executive functioning, attention, processing speed, language, visuospatial skills, motor skills, and effects on mood. The chapter also discusses lead-induced oxidative stressOxidative stress and its consequences. It will provide an in-depth understanding of the neuropsychological effects of lead toxicityLead toxicity at different levels, which will be helpful for its better management and finding remedies for the related toxic effects.