A Systematic Review of Lead Exposure on Mental Health

LeadLead is the most potent and persistent toxic metal found naturally in the earth’s crust. Humans are exposed to lead particles through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, through several sources that influence food, drinking water, soilSoil, and air. If this heavy metalMetal enters the body, interferes with the organ systems. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently declared that no level of lead can be considered “safe”. The outcomes associated with lead exposureExposure have become more apparent and are an ever-increasing concern across the globe, as a plethora of disorders are caused by its contact. Not only adults but young children and fetusesFetus are also vulnerable to its toxic effects leading to neurodevelopmentNeurodevelopment and kidney-related disorders. This chapter provides insight into the clinical manifestation of leadLead exposure especially the impact on the mental healthMental health (neurodevelopment) of the fetusFetus, children, and adults, the mechanism of lead-induced neurotoxicityNeurotoxicity, available biomarkersBiomarkers, challenges, mitigation, preventive measures, and therapy for lead exposureExposure. Future recommendations to undertake necessary steps to protect the population from environmental toxicityToxicity have also conversed.