“Nanomaterials Induced Cell Disruption: An Insight into Mechanism”

In research and development, cell disruption is vital to the acquisition of internal components, including metabolites and proteins. This is essential for producing many biological products, such as enzymes and antigens used to produce vaccines and nucleic acids. For cell lysis, various mechanical techniques exist, including high-pressure homogenization, sonication, bead milling, and many others. The growing importance of nanoparticles (NPs) in theranostics (therapeutic diagnostics), target modulation of cellular processes, etc., has been serving as a novel approach towards biotechnological applications such as silica-based nanoparticles (SNs) being used in drug delivery, imaging, and other therapeutic majors. The disruption of the cell caused by the biophysical interlinkage among the cell and nanoparticle allows researchers to use nanoparticles as drug carrier systems. This chapter discusses the biophysiochemical interactions between the cell and the nanomaterials, which serves as an essential factor for the disruption of cells, and also explains the methods used for the cell disruption along with current trends associated.