Nanomaterials Prone Cell Leakiness: A Mechanistic Approach

The growing exposure in the nanotoxicology field revealed the considerably notable toxic nature of nanomaterials. Studies have displayed that carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles (gold, silver, platinum, palladium etc.), and silica nanoparticles can cause cellular disruption. It is highly essential to understand the properties of nanomaterials and how they affect the human body. For toxicity evaluation, a thorough investigation of physicochemical properties, contamination of toxic materials, and cellular morphology of nanomaterials on intrinsic and extrinsic levels are needed. Several factors, i.e., synthesis, pH, size, shape, temperature, crystallinity index and solubility, influences nanomaterial characteristics. Inflammation and oxidative stress are two primary mechanisms illustrating the toxic nature of nanomaterials. The chapter focuses on practical methods and mechanism of nanomaterials toxicology and provides a critical hypothesis of the leading obstacles this field faces.