Application of Blockchain Based e-Procurement Solution for Mitigating Corruption in Smart Cities Using Digital Identities

Procurement is an important governance tool that is used by the government and development agencies globally to manage and fulfil their complex development plans. However, corruption is a persistent and pervasive issue that hinders ethical progress and it can have a detrimental effect on the outcome of the proposed project that involves more than a few stakeholders. The implementation of Blockchain based e-procurement has been suggested as the potential solution due to its underlying characteristics of immutability and disintermediation. Blockchain technology utilizes distributed consensus, offering evident advantages to procurement by using the digital identities of the stakeholders in the bidding process and maintaining the privacy and security of the contract. This paper systematically maps and implements the existing literature to comprehend the utilization of Blockchain technology in the procurement domain and its potential to mitigate corruption in tender-based environments in smart cities by using digital identities.