This chapter summarises recent researches on the numerous risks that sludge poses during its entire lifecycle, from production to disposal, and potential consequences of improper sludge management for both the ecosystem and human wellness. Sewage sludge is the residual material produced by wastewater treatment. It contains heavy, microplastics metals as well as microplastics, pathogens, organic contaminants, and difficult to dispose of. This kind of garbage cannot be used to improve the soil. The employment of sludge as a potential soil conditioner should be done after proper treatment as the improperly treated sludge may contaminate the soil and decrease yield. The leaching of pollutants and toxins may pollute the groundwater thus affecting nearby water sources and habitats. Studies indicate a possible pattern of chemical irritability apparent in the reports of illnesses and mortality in people in the vicinity of land application sites and are subjected to dust and water runoff from agricultural lands treated with sewage wastewater. The results of risk assessments for human health, including heavy metal concentrations, indicated that there may be concerns, particularly for vulnerable people like children. Pathogens can lead to waterborne diseases and pose risks to workers and nearby communities during handling and application. Sludge treatment through biological, mechanical, and chemical methods should be made mandatory before disposal of sludge and public awareness should arise. Providing PPE and other equipment to workers is also a necessary step.