Knobology, Image Acquisition, Optimization and Artifacts

Knobology refers to the adjustment of ultrasound knobs and controls to optimize the quality of acquired images. Inadequate use of parameter optimization can lead to impaired image quality and acquisition and can even result in misdiagnosis. Knowledge of common artifacts encountered in ultrasound is also of importance, as many of these artifacts if unrecognized can lead to serious misdiagnoses and unnecessary intervention (e.g. aortic dissection). This review chapter on “Knobology, Image Acquisition, Optimization, and Artifacts” will thus cover the principal controls and ultrasound settings pertinent to performing ultrasound evaluations in the ICU, as well as common ultrasound artifacts an ICU intensivist should be aware of.